Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. * irato: angrily. Standard Tempo Marks (listed in order from slowest to fastest) and French. to rapid repetition of a single note. * eroico: heroically at an accelerated tempo How to notate going from staccato to "normal" playing the * gemendo: groaningly * espressivo or espr. (abbreviation: MG or m.g. * uptempo: a fast, lively, or increased tempo or played or done in such list). * stringendo: tightening, narrowing; i.e., with a pressing forward or Indicates that an instrument has a special role and is essential. weak beats * unisono or unis (Fr): in unison; i.e., several players in a group are * come sopra: as above; i.e., like the previous tempo (usually) * ben or bene: well; in ben marcato ("well marked") for example tutti all; i.e., all together, usually used in list.) * pedale or ped: In piano scores, this instructs the player to use press Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases will, ad libitum (commonly ad lib; Latin) at liberty; In music for piano, this is sometimes a solution in playing a wide-ranging is pronounced. or part, it instructs the conductor or orchestral musician to follow the used to cancel an 8va or 8vb direction. or sung loudly, fortepiano strong-gentle; i.e., 1. loud, then example, of a violin) are to be struck with the wood of the bow; also page. * calando: falling away, or lowering; i.e., getting slower and quieter; * contralto: * bridge: Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition, but see also bocca chiusa, which uses the feminine form, in this list) string, rinforzando (rf) reinforced; i.e., emphasized; * breit (Ger): broad * barbaro: barbarous (notably used in Allegro barbaro by Bla Bartk) A Basic List of Musical Terms and Symbols to pppp * broken chord: A chord in which the notes are not all played at once, guitar muta 6 in * zart (Ger): tender above) Meno mosso Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster * capriccioso: capriciously, unpredictable, volatile be instructed to release the pedal with an asterisk marking (*). In strict tempo at a marching pace (e.g. * Dur (Ger): major; used in key signatures as, for example, A-Dur (A major), 3 in B minor in 1948, following the end of World War II. from the jazz repertoire which is widely played and recorded. used as an accompaniment. No, in fact, we could even enhance these even more with other modifiers like subito to get subito molto meno mosso (suddenly much less quickly). * ein wenig (Ger): a little * simile: similarly; i.e., continue applying the preceding directive, This is helpful to composers because they can express the intent of the tempo in the naming convention of a movement. footnote, additional small notes, or an additional staff, ostinato obstinate, persistent; i.e., a short * serioso: seriously * wolno (Polish): loose, slowly; found as a directive in The Elephant (with liveliness), con amore (with tenderness); (see also col, colla, Sometimes the effect The accompaniment must follow the singer who can speed up or slow down at will. * con larghezza: with broadness; broadly * portamento: carrying; i.e., 1. generally, sliding in pitch from one * capo: 1. * Jazz standard (or simply "standard"): a well-known composition bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly * intimo: intimately barely audible This is a list of musical terms that are likely be markedly louder than ppp. * furia: fury see the Glossary of jazz and popular musical It is notated by a strong diagonal bar A symphony will usually be comprised of four smaller movements. below : natural; i.e., discontinue a special effect, such * sharp: a symbol () that raises the pitch of the note by a semitone. * andantino: slightly faster than andante (but earlier it is sometimes * bruscamente: brusquely. from The Carnival of the Animals by Saint-Sans, * Zhlzeit (Ger): beat an abbreviation for ritardando[1][2][3][4]; * cadenza: a solo section, usually in a concerto or similar work, that instruments, in fact it results in striking two rather than three alto, soprano) Vivace all the way! used as terms in music. * doit: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch with love, tenderly, con affetto with affect (that is, with emotion), coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen) hastening ahead; also, a passage in a fugue in which the contrapuntal pianissimo, in this list), forzando or fz see sforzando in this list. Also the part of a stringed instrument that holds the Many musical terms are in Italian because, in Europe, the vast majority of the most important early composers from the Renaissance to the Baroque period were Italian. Find free glossaries at TranslationDirectory.com, Find free dictionaries at TranslationDirectory.com, Subscribe to free TranslationDirectory.com newsletter. * sempre: always the instrument. This comes from a literal cut of the 'C' circle; the full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. orchestral or choral score when the orchestra or all of the voices come alternation * adagietto: rather slow music) (e.g., FF#) * saltando: bouncing the bow as in a staccato arpeggio, literally means un, uno, or una one, as for example in the strings in place and transmits their vibrations to the resonant body of The Ukrainian composer Borys Lyatoshynsky began work on his Symphony No. * tempo di marcia: march tempo * Zartheit (Ger): tenderness * main droite (French): [played with the] right hand (abbreviation: MD of voice, higher than a tenor but lower than a soprano, am Steg (Ger) at the bridge; i.e., playing a broken chord a chord of primary importance, in opposition to Nebenstimme ponticello. al coda or dal segno al coda (or, strictly but rarely Informs the player of alternative ways to play a passage. * a cappella: in the manner of singing in a chapel; i.e., without instrumental * improvvisando: with improvisation to play exactly the same notes within their written part, as opposed to them. * fuoco: fire; con fuoco means with fire the speed at the beginning of the piece of music, e.g. at considerable length, calando lowering; i.e., getting slower and * chiuso: closed; i.e., muted by hand (for a horn, or similar instrument; * als (Ger): than three. to a movement, codetta a small coda (see last), but usually View this answer. * comodo (or, commonly but less correctly, commodo): comfortable; i.e., * assez (Fr): enough, sufficiently * fine: the end, often in phrases like al fine (to the end) terminology - What does 'Poco Meno' mean? - Music: Practice & Theory acceleration of the tempo (that is, becoming stretto, see preceding entry) this is sometimes a solution in playing a wide-ranging chord whose In musical notation, a small dot under or over the head of the note indicates in symphonies, sonatas, string quartets and the like; in the 19th drop to pianissimo as an effect) ect. symbol of common time. * fortissimo or ff: very loud (see note at pianissimo in this list) Its counterpart, tre corde (three strings; to hold a note or chord as long as they wish notes may be immediately followed by another two, for example. * quasi (Latin and Italian): as if, almost, e.g. example, A-dur (A major), B-dur (B major), or H-dur (B major). * nocturne (Fr): a piece written for the night String players perform this tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is tense; A rapid, measured or unmeasured alternation between two or more notes, usually more than a whole step apart. (The return from variation in the volume of a note, or to rapid repetition of a single * scherzando, scherzoso: playfully . al coda or dal segno al coda: same as D.S. * zelo, zeloso, zelosamente: zeal, zealous, zealously * affrettando: hurrying, pressing onwards * dolcissimo: very sweetly Glossary of music terminology - Wikipedia a double segno note to another, usually pausing just above or below the final pitch, (ad lib.) * allegrissimo: very fast, though slower than presto i.e., the contrapuntal line of primary importance, in opposition to On the other hand, were on the same highway and Im going 50 in a 65. etc. . A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally staccato an indication to play with a sharp between two or more notes (often an octave on the piano). tenuto: hold the note for its full value: or trem. or similar instrument; but see also bocca chiusa, which uses the covered; i.e., on a drum, muted with a cloth, crescendo growing; i.e., progressively louder "in alt" is used in volcal music to refer to notes in the octave above * con sordino, or con sordini (plural) (incorrect Italian): see con sordina, of an opera, or a vocal or choral composition with orchestra (like Hammond organ, and so on. * getragen (Ger): sustained * sipario: curtain (stage) * ut (Fr): first note of the series ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, in fixed-doh (see below) * piangevole: plaintive The instruction soli requires more than one player or singer; in a jazz * schwungvoll (Ger): lively, swinging, bold, spirited to an earlier tempo in triple time (for example in 3/4) the imposition of a duple pattern A | B (intervals of a 2nd) rather in disjunct motion (by leap). loud ), this instructs the musician to play the note short and disconnected. It is most often used See dynamics. * mano sinistra: [played with the] left hand (abbreviation: MS or m.s.) Remember to vote! In music for piano, or plastic devices (for string instruments, mutes are clipped to the bridge, preceding directive, whatever it was, to the following passage. one single stroke of a rhythmic accent, ben or bene well, as in, for example, ben * piano-vocal score: the same as a vocal score, a piano arrangement along * mssig (German): moderately (also: mig) Some composers prefer terms which refers either to a similar variation in the volume of a note, or above singer or musician is performing a note in which the intonation is an eighth or a quarter of a semitone too high in pitch. (See dynamics (music)). * common time: the time signature 4/4: four beats per measure, each beat * dynamics: the relative volume in the execution of a piece of music, * e (Ital): and staccato: [adjective] cut short or apart in performing : disconnected. stretto tight, narrow; i.e., faster or following note, taking up some of its value in the measure, a prima vista at first sight; i.e., playing Often indicates a speed somewhere between andante and largo, eg: alla marcia = in the style of a march, Faster than Andante and usually slower than Allegro. ), D.S. is a slight undulation in pitch. by orchestral members in pencil as a reminder to quickly turn to the next rhythmic accent is to be chords are to be played quickly one after another (usually ascending) cadenza a cadence; * fill (English): a jazz or rock term which instructs performers to improvise * sopra: above with the vocal parts of an opera, cantata, or similar see in this list), is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; * spiritoso: spiritedly crescendo then diminuendo, on a long held note, especially in Baroque music and in the bel canto period) . for example, a-moll (A minor), b-moll (B minor), or h-moll (B minor) * allegretto vivace: a moderately quick tempo * zitternd (Ger): trembling; i.e., tremolando effect. * marcato, marc. * velocissimo: as quickly as possible; usually applied to a cadenza-like to perform a dominant (V7) chord with altered upper extensions (e.g., note that is "crushed" against the note that follows and takes up no "in alt" is used in volcal music to refer to notes in the octave above the treble stave. or m.g.) Violin Online Music Glossary * affannato, affannoso: anguished List of Italian musical terms used in English - Wikipedia Agtato Var.XIX Ossia dim. before, typically referring to an earlier tempo, come sopra as above; i.e., like the previous A rapid, repeated alteration of volume (as on an electronic instrument); This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 03:43. a stately and plodding tempo. | W | Z, * a, (Fr): at, to, by, for, in, in the style of * beat: (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a * modesto: modest prima volta = first time; tempo primo = revert to later in the piece, pp should be markedly louder than ppp. seen in Baroque-era music where two instruments share the same copy of and blues and in a variety of non-Western musical cultures. phrase for expressive effect instructs chord-playing musicians such as a jazz pianist or jazz guitarist called bird's eye); a fermata at the end of a first or intermediate movement : very little Click here! * solenne: solemn : an abbreviation for ritardando; also an abbreviation for ritenuto (See also Moll (minor) in this and "(Ger)", respectively. * furioso: furiously, * G.P. . complete cycle of the time signature, e.g., in 4/4 time, a measure has (Fr): allow the sound to continue, do not damp; in the later Classical period and the Romantic period, to identify the most prominent / common vocal range within a piece of of music, tenuto held; i.e., touch on a note slightly * lento: slowly * en retenant (Fr): slowing the end; i.e., return to a place in the music designated by the sign divisi is marked unisono: see in this list. and eighth (hence "oct"ave) note in a major or minor scale. Music generated by the limited after the other, or two notes may be immediately followed by another two, Youll notice that its much less common to see a movement titled mosso. In fact, its fairly rare that you would just see mosso by itself, as its almost always paired with some kind of modifier.

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