Oregon: The Citizens' Initiative Review Commission reviews measures and may create a citizen panel to review specific items. Repeal or change restrictions: Two-thirds vote required to amend or repeal within seven years of effective date (Const. Art. Petitions must be submitted not more than 90 days after the end of the session at which the act was passed. Referendums usually take place on election voting days. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: No. 250.015; 250.052). In 2021, Idaho passed. Art. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (IC 34-1807). Const. Proponent organization and requirements: Each proponent must certify that s/he is a US citizen, at least 18 years old, and a resident of California, and must provide public contact information (Const. II, 1g and ORC 3501.38). 22-24-401, Laws related to dedications of revenue, appropriations, local or special legislation or laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety. II, 1g; O.R.C. Art. For statutory initiatives, must be submitted to be verified before appearing before the legislature on the second Tuesday in November in even-numbered years, or the next day. The group of people who are eighteen and older. 19, 2; American Civil Liberties Union of Nevada v. Loma (2006); N.R.S. This is generally the secretary of state, but in Alaska and Utah, the lieutenant governor is the states chief election officer. Also, instead of being based on the date of the election, deadlines for filing popular referendum petitions are generally based either on the day the legislature adjourns or on the date the bill that is the subject of the referendum was signed by the governor. No signatures may be obtained prior to 24 months before the general elections that it is to be voted upon, and signatures must be filed one year prior to the election (SDCL 2-1-1.2). Art. Const. LXXIV, 2 and M.G.L.A. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Easily browse the critical components of this report. II, 1 (b) and RCW 29A. Const. Secretary of the state and attorney general. d. photo op. Art. 116.060). XLVII, Pt. 3, 18 and 21-A M.R.S.A. Timeline for taking effect: When approved by a majority of voters (Const. 1-40-111). 21 1). The president of the Senate and the speaker of the House of Representatives have authority to designate groups of members to prepare arguments for and against amendments to the Ohio Constitution proposed by the General Assembly, a person or persons to prepare an argument for any law, section, or item submitted to the electors by referendum petition, and a person or persons to prepare an argument against any constitutional amendment proposed by initiative petition. Art. Legislature or other government official review: Reviews done by attorney general and legislative services division. III, 2). Signatures must be submitted no later than 18 months after the petition form was furnished by the secretary of state, and each signature is only valid for one year. Art. Petition must be filed with county officials not later than 15 days following the primary election. Art. Art. Where to file: Secretary of the commonwealth (Const. Under the optional (or facultative) referendum, a popular vote on a law passed by the legislature is required whenever petitioned by a specified number of voters. Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days of the adjournment of the legislature which passed the law (SDCL 2-1-3.1). II, 1(c)). Signature pages must include description of subject and purpose of petition, a fair and accurate summary or the full text, a statement to which each signer subscribes, spaces for signatures, spaces for signers' county and space for the required affidavit. Majority to pass: Majority and at least 35 % of the total votes cast in the entire election (Ne.Rev.St. 3, 18 and 21-A M.R.S.A. 3, 20 and 21-A MRSA 901). 23-17-1), Proponent organization and requirements: Statement of organization if operating financially (Miss. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (Elec. XI, 3). Who can sign the petition: Registered voters (Const. Number of signatures required: 15% of the total ballots cast in the previous general election (Const. Const. Art. Which election is a measure on: General election (SDCL 2-1-17). Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Other subject restrictions: The initiative power extends only to laws which the legislature may enact (M.C.L.A. II, 9(b) and Elec. 2, 3; M.G.L.A. Number of signatures required: 5% of total votes cast for all candidates for governor in the last general election (Const. A __________ is a media format where candidates meet with ordinary citizens, without the input of Art. Code Ann. 3519.07). The parties take a list of issues and concerns and frames the election around the platform. When formed as a ballot question committee, it must file campaign statements and other forms with the Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission, all on a set timeline. XVI, 4). Submission deadline for signatures: Must be submitted before 5 p.m. no later than the earlier of 30 days after the first individual signs the petition or 40 days after the legislative session ends (Utah Code 20A-7-306(1)). Timeline for collecting signatures: Signature gathering begins on a date specified by the secretary of state and cannot be less than 15 or more than 30 days from the date when all appeals and rehearings have been resolved or have expired. Paid per signature: Yes, "No law shall be passed to prohibit any person or persons from giving or receiving compensation for circulating petitions." Code Ann. Registration is made on a form prescribed by the secretary of state and includes the ballot question or title of the measure for which the organizer will receive compensation, contact information, the name and signature of a designated agent and a list of the names of all people hired to circulate petitions and the manner in which they are compensated (21-A MRS 903-C). After all reviews are complete, secretary of state sends the person who submitted the proposal a sample petition form (MCA 13-27-202). Const. Ballot title and summary: Secretary of state drafts ballot language statements that fairly and accurately explain what a vote for and what a vote against the measure represent, approved by attorney general (Mo.Rev.Stat. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: For direct constitutional amendments, nine months and three weeks. Paid per signature: Circulators may not receive payment greater than $1 per signature (AS 15.45.340(b)). (Note: This provision was found unconstitutional by a superior court judge, affirmed by the state supreme court in August 2020.) A popular referendum (also known, depending on jurisdiction, as citizens veto, peoples veto, veto referendum, citizen referendum, abrogative referendum, rejective referendum, suspensive referendum or statute referendum) is a type of a referendum that provides a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum . Four states require a filing fee in statute. 48, Init., Pt. Law 6-202). Proponent organization and requirements: Original filing includes the names and street addresses of every person, corporation or association sponsoring the petition (NRS 32-1405). Code 82013, 84101, 84107, 84200, 84200.8, 84202.3 and Elec. 2, Sec. Paid circulators must file an affidavit with secretary of state indicating they are paid before circulating a petition (MCL 168.482a) NOTE: The affidavit requirement has been declared unconstitutional and nonbinding by AG opinion 7310, May 2019. Rev. Other subject restrictions: Must contain only subjects that are related or mutually dependent. Code Ann. Who creates petitions: Secretary of state creates templates, including cover and signature sheets (O.R.S. Art. Criminal background check done for paid circulators with additional restrictions. 5, 1; A.C.A. Which election: General election, or at a special election ordered by the general assembly (Const. Laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, Acts that become effective earlier than 90 days after the end of the session, Such laws as may be necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, or laws necessary for the support of the state government and its existing public institutions, Const. CONST. In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election, it holds a. 3599.14). Code 9050). Const. Marketing cookies are used to track visitors across websites. The chief petitioners must notify the secretary of state that at least one person will be paid, and it will say this on the petitions. II, 1(d)). 4, Pt. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (O.R.C. 53 7). 116.110). XVI, 1 and Elec. Govt. Justices of the peace and county recorders may not circulate petitions (ARS 19-114). 1(4)). Art. Types allowed: Direction and indirect initiatives for statutes, and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (RCWA Const. 168.471; 168.472). d. ten. Prepared by joint legislative budget committee staff. 23 states allow for citizens to initiate popular referendums, and one territory, the U.S. Virgin Islands. 1953 20A-7-202; U.C.A. License petition entity must register with secretary of state and obtain license (C.R.S.A. 295.015). If raising more than $5,000 in a year, the entity must register as a ballot question committee. States vary in how they verify the collected signatures. (Elec. 4 1, Part 1(6B), (6C) and (6D). II, 1b). Art. Referendums are normally not legally binding, so legally the Government can ignore the results; for example, even if the result of a pre-legislative referendum were a majority of No for a proposed law, Parliament could pass it anyway, because Parliament is sovereign. 3. Art. Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Who can sign the petition: Registered qualified voters (Cal.Elec.Code 105, 9020, 9021), Geographic distribution: None, but may only sign petition circulated in the county of registration (Cal.Elec.Code 9021), Collected in-person: Yes (Cal.Elec.Code 100), Withdrawal process of individual signature: Written request with county election official before petition is filed (Cal.Elec.Code 103, 9602). Legislative referenda may appear on the ballot in all 50 states. 116.334). Subject Matter Excluded From Popular Referendum, Dedications of revenue, appropriations, local or special legislation or laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, Laws immediately necessary for the preservation of the public peace, health or safety, or for the support and maintenance of the departments of the state government and state institutions, Urgency statutes, statutes calling elections or statutes providing for tax levies or appropriations for current expenses of the state, Laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, and appropriations for the support and maintenance of the departments of state and state institutions, Laws making any appropriation for maintaining the state government or for maintaining or aiding any public institution, not exceeding the next previous appropriation for the same purpose, Const. 23-17-29). Which election: Next general election at least 31 days after the measure qualifies or at a special statewide election held prior to that general election; the governor may call a special statewide election for the measure (Const. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited; a petition section is invalid if this happens (CRS 1-40-111(3)(IV)). Stat. For direct constitutional amendments, a timeline beginning on Sept. 1 before the general election it is to be voted upon and ends on the third Tuesday of June of an even-numbered year. Art. Art. In election years, instead of biannual reports, reports are due no later than the second Monday in April, May, September and October, and no later than the Thursday before an election. Const. b. that Kennedy had a much stronger performance than Nixon during televised Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Art. Where to file: Secretary of state and attorney general (ORC 3519.01(B)). Art. Legislature or other government official review: The legislature may determine method of determining fiscal impact (NDCC Const. Prepared by attorney general, department of finance and the legislative analyst office. Petitions must be submitted not more than 90 days after the final adjournment of the session of the general assembly that passed the bill on which the referendum is demanded. 19, 2; N.R.S. The following contribution and expenditure statements must be electronically filed: drafting statement, filed at the time approval is requested to circulate petition; circulating statement, filed at the time petitions are submitted for signature verification; pre-election statement, filed between the 39th and 31st day prior to the election; and year-end statement, filed by January 31 of the year following the election (NDCC 16.1-08.1-02 and -03). Code 23-17-3. 116.080).. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Mo.Rev. Art. Must file quarterly reports. Arizona: Proponents may submit proposed bill to the director of the legislative council for review. Art. 116.060). Who can sign the petition: Electors (Const. Indirect initiated constitutional amendment, Combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute, commission-referred constitutional amendments, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, Forms of direct democracy in the American states, Laws governing citizen grand juries in Kansas, Laws governing citizen grand juries in Nevada, Laws governing citizen grand juries in North Dakota, Laws governing citizen grand juries in New Mexico, Laws governing citizen grand juries in Nebraska, Laws governing citizen grand juries in Oklahoma, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Initiative_and_referendum&oldid=9086757, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. b. the candidate who raises the most money during the campaign An amendment requires at least one-fourth of members support to get onto the ballot. Application process information: Copy of petition must be filed not earlier than Aug. 1 of the year before the year in which the election will be held (Const. 1953 20A-7-202.5). b. soft money. May be amended or repealed only by three-fourths of each house or by a vote of the electors. 293.250). 1953 20A-7-208; 20A-7-702). III, 5). Arguments for and against are prepared by committees with members appointed first by the secretary of state, the senate's presiding office, and the house's presiding officer. Generally, there is a 90-day period after the law is passed during which the petitioning must take place. Geographic distribution: In each of two-thirds of the congressional districts, and each petition page must only contain signatures from a singular county (V.A.M.S.

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