This page was last edited on 18 April 2023, at 20:24. [195] The Turkish Consul in Moscow predicted that "the lands which the Germans have destined for their living space will become their dying space". This would allow the Germans in the city to fight on temporarily while a relief force was assembled. Most importantly, the Soviets controlled the ferries to their supplies on the east bank of the Volga. The next day he made a six-page situation report to the general staff. Above you can see the destroyed warehouse of the butter-milling plant. He telegraphed the 6th Army later that day, claiming that it had made a historic contribution to the greatest struggle in German history and that it should stand fast "to the last soldier and the last bullet". On that eve Pavlov had returned alive from an unsuccessful search, the task of which was to get through to the surrounded 1st Battalion. The letter was signed by Colonel-General of Artillery Voronov and the commander-in-chief of the Don Front, Lieutenant-General Rokossovsky. Description. The strain on both military commanders was immense: Paulus developed an uncontrollable tic in his eye, which eventually affected the left side of his face, while Chuikov experienced an outbreak of eczema that required him to have his hands completely bandaged. Blau finally opened as Army Group South began its attack into southern Russia on 28 June 1942. The front line of the defense is under constant artillery fire. After being put on public display in Britain, this was presented to Stalin by Winston Churchill at the Tehran Conference later in 1943. These two buildings will play an important role in the defense of the 9th January Square. The Soviets were successful in denying the Germans the ability to resupply through the air which strained the German forces to their breaking point. Occasionally Italian actions were mentioned in official German communiques. [28]:522 In the east, the Germans had stabilised a front running from Leningrad south to Rostov, with a number of minor salients. [38], Similarly, on the southern flank of the Stalingrad sector, the front southwest of Kotelnikovo was held only by the Romanian 4th Army. Soon, it was joked, the Berlin to Stalingrad express would be up and running. "[91], Many women fought on the Soviet side or were under fire. The Germans approached the positions of the company closely - only the railroad tracks crowded by wagons divided them from their opponents. Whilst the building was originally captured by Pavlov, the commander of the position was Lieutenant Afanasev. Battle of Stalingrad, (July 17, 1942-February 2, 1943), successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), Russia, U.S.S.R., during World War II. At four in the morning on 2 February, Strecker was informed that one of his own officers had gone to the Soviets to negotiate surrender terms. According to the author of the article, this series of photos of Zelma is a kind of reconstruction of the combat operations of the 13th Guards Rifle Division and was shot after the end of the battles, in the spring of 1943. It is well known that for 58 days the multiethnic garrison held the building in the city center, repulsing numerous attacks by the Germans. It uncovers the fact that much of the details of Pavlov's House written in the official histories are made up. Joseph Beyrle Williamovich Most Incredible Real WW2 History? Russia's War (New York: 1997), 201. The offensive was repelled. Other losses included 42 Ju 86s, 9 Fw 200 Condors, 5 He 177 bombers and 1 Ju 290. The Soviets also had large amounts of artillery support from the opposite side of the Volga. Alexandrov, N.Ya. Millions were killed, wounded, missing, or captured in what was perhaps the most brutal battle in modern history. The REAL Story of Pavlov's House at Stalingrad TIKhistory 270K subscribers Subscribe 8.3K 295K views 4 years ago Propaganda has changed our perception of Pavlov's House. The prestige of Stalin, the Soviet Union, and the worldwide Communist movement was immense, and their political position greatly enhanced.[201]. "[161] Paulus notified Hitler that his men would likely collapse before the day was out. Soon the situation at the flank of Rodimtsev's division was restored. Meanwhile, the Hungarian 2nd Army and the German 4th Panzer Army had launched an assault on Voronezh, capturing the city on 5 July. "[139] The Luftwaffe was able to deliver an average of 85 tonnes of supplies per day out of an air transport capacity of 106 tonnes per day. In the very first nights, an impromptu garrison turned the house into a stronghold of defense (which in many ways contributed to its further successful defense): the approaches to the building from the side of German positions were mined, the house was surrounded by a wire fence, sheltered firing points were created outside the house, a deep passage was dug from the house to the positions of the regiment for the delivery of ammunition and A telephone line completely hidden under the ground, narrow embrasures were made for firing in the windows and in the walls, and the soldiers prepared several reserve positions for each firearm. The northern cauldron consisted of the XIth Corps, the central with the VIIIth and LIst Corps, and the southern with the XIVth Panzer Corps and IVth Corps "without units". A common saying was: "You cannot stop an army which has done Stalingrad." [164][165], There was no one with a camera present to film the capture of Paulus. Ultimately, however, Romanian armoured warfare proved to be a tactical success, as the Romanians destroyed 127 Soviet tanks for the cost of their 100 lost units. Sabaton https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjQhd1APsd5NQhiVZV7GYzg , "Copyright Disclaimer. Judging by the direction of the trench, the mortar shelling hits the military exchange. The Stukas claimed 41 of the 106 Soviet tanks knocked out that morning, while escorting Bf 109s destroyed 77 Soviet aircraft. The 6th Army slowly starved. Of the 120 tanks the Soviets had committed, 30 were lost to air attack.[68]. Behind the front lines, no preparations had been made to defend key points in the rear such as Kalach. He had been crouching over another cesspool, and now, noticing us, he was hastily pulling up his pants, and then he slunk away into the door of the basement. Then we came into the yard. Out of the ruins, the Germans tossed TNT, grenades and bottles with a combustible mixture at the squatted guardsmen with. While the employees of GlavPU RKKA worked on the ideological front, Rodimtsev's division went on as usual. The city itself was of vital strategic importance to both, but more than that the prestige of capturing the city with Stalin . The 4th Panzer Army, ordered south on 13 July to block the Soviet retreat "weakened by the 17th Army and the 1st Panzer Army", had turned northwards to help take the city from the south.[47]. [163] When interrogated by the Soviets, Paulus claimed that he had not surrendered. The last of the Red Army defenders of the Pavlov House during the Battle of Stalingrad died an ATR shooter Kamolzhon Turgunov from the village of Bardankul, Turakurgan district of the Namangan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan (he died on March 16, 2015 at the 93rd year of his life in his homeland) and a shooter Duisenov Kalambay from the village of Merke, Zhambul region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (died on May 4, 2006). [145], On 16 December, the Soviets launched Operation Little Saturn, which attempted to punch through the Axis army (mainly Italians) on the Don. From September 27, the second assault began; the main events and military operations moved to working settlements north of Mamayev Kurgan. On September 27, 1942, as a result of bombing by German aircraft, the architect of the house, Sergei Voloshinov, and his pregnant wife were killed . The headquarters of the dugouts had a hand-to-hand fight, the Russians and Germans killing each other with furious faces. The siege lasted from 27 September to 25 November 1942 and eventually the Red Army managed to relieve it from the siege. During the Battle of Stalingrad, Gerhardt's Mill became the final frontier, with the Soviet Red Army deterring the army of German Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus on the approaches to the Volga. Tasked with holding the city at all costs,[49] Chuikov proclaimed, "We will defend the city or die in the attempt. Nevertheless, they continued to resist, in part because they believed the Soviets would execute any who surrendered. [98] Three air regiments at Stalingrad were entirely female. I understand that everyone is familiar with the loadouts and tanks from the Western Front, so I understand why they have been included. Za istinske ljubitelje ratnih tematika ovaj film je ZA OBAVEZNO POGLEDATI! On the morning of September 25, units of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, carrying out the order of the army headquarters, " tried to improve their positions in small groups using grenades, bottles with a combustible mixture and mortars of all calibers." And, at the far end of the yard, besides the other cesspool, behind a low stone wall, the yellow corpses of skinny Germans were piled up men who had died in that basementabout a dozen wax-like dummies. The October Revolution holiday came on November 7th. These pictures are present in every book, article and publication about the epic battle, but practically no one knows what exactly is depicted in them. An artillery fire point was set up on the top floor, where a group of artillery observers headed by an officer came daily. After shooting the last shells, crews under the command of Gregory Bric jumped on the Germans who were taken aback by the bayonet attack. [45], On 25 July the Germans faced stiff resistance with a Soviet bridgehead west of Kalach. Zhukov. Having reached the wall, Soviet soldiers stumbled upon a barbed wire fence and fell under a machine gun crossfire. Germany, already operating on dwindling fuel supplies, focused its efforts on moving deeper into Soviet territory and taking the oil fields at any cost. This Army Group was created on 21 November 1942 from parts of Army Group B in order for it to hold the line between. Nearby was also the House of Sovkontrol the future House of Zabolotny a mirror copy of the Pavlov House. With the Soviets forced into a 1-kilometre (1,000-yard) strip of land on the western bank of the Volga, over 1,208 Stuka missions were flown in an effort to eliminate them. During the defence of Stalingrad, the Red Army deployed five armies in and around the city (28th, 51st, 57th, 62nd and 64th Armies); and an additional nine armies in the encirclement counteroffensive[51] (24th, 65th, 66th Armies and 16th Air Army from the north as part of the Don Front offensive, and 1st Guards Army, 5th Tank, 21st Army, 2nd Air Army and 17th Air Army from the south as part of the Southwestern Front). An estimated 750,000 Soviets died defending the city . Stalingrad (1993) HD quality, English Subtitles Bronne Bruzgo 1.81K subscribers Subscribe 15K Share Save 899K views 2 years ago An HD version of the 1993 cult classic, with updated subs for. The next night, Junior Sergeant Ya.F. "[7], Pavlov's House became a symbol of the stubborn and dogged resistance of the Soviet forces during the Battle of Stalingrad, which eventually ended in a decisive victory for the Soviet forces after months of fighting and heavy casualties on both sides. Only on December 23, was Army Group A ordered to withdraw from the Caucasus to avoid from being trapped there. It was only of importance as a convenient place, in the bottleneck between Don and the Volga, where we could block an attack on our flank by Russian forces coming from the east. The loss of the two airfields, at Pitomnik on 16 January 1943 and Gumrak on the night of 21/22 January,[154] meant an end to air supplies and to the evacuation of the wounded. The units of the 295th Infantry Division which broke through to the Volga fell into a trap on the shore, and began to retreat along the ravine back to the tramway bridge. The inscription on the memorial wall reads: In this house, the feat of war and labor merged into one., Pingback: Gerhardt's Mill - Stalingrad WW2 Monument. The German air arm found itself spread thinly across Europe, struggling to maintain its strength in the other southern sectors of the Soviet-German front. [128], The Red Army units immediately formed two defensive fronts: a circumvallation facing inward and a contravallation facing outward. [36]:98 The third and last serviceable runway was at the Stalingradskaya flight school, which reportedly had the last landings and takeoffs on 23 January. South of the mound, in the central and southern districts of the city occupied by the Germans, the command of the 6th Army left the 71st and 295th Infantry Divisions, which were drained in the September battles and were only suitable for defense. However, the predictable nature of the relief operation brought significant risk for all German forces in the area. The Boy from Stalingrad (Russian: ; Kyrgyz: ) is the first novel by Soviet writer Fedor Samokhin, published in 1954 by the Stalingrad Book Publishing House.It tells about the meeting in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan of the evacuated population from the western regions of the country during the Eastern Front of World War . Pavlov's House Meanwhile, the defenders in Pavlov's House were tasked with clearing the Milk House, which was across 9 January Square. 6 and a five-story building of a military exchange. From 16 to 25 September, it carried out 9,746 missions (975 per day). The State Bank could not be captured, many old fighters, well-respected scouts, were killed. [205], The events of the Battle for Stalingrad have been covered in numerous media works of British, American, German, and Russian origin,[206] for its significance as a turning point in the Second World War and for the loss of life associated with the battle. He argues that, though it is "easy to argue that from the summer of 1942 the Soviet army fought because it was forced to fight," to concentrate solely on coercion is nonetheless to "distort our view of the Soviet war effort. "[119], Because of the total focus on the city, the Axis forces had neglected for months to consolidate their positions along the natural defensive line of the Don River. [12], The last member of Pavlov's group, Kamoljon Turgunov from Turakurgan District, Namangan Region, Uzbekistan died on 16 March 2015, aged 93. The battle commenced in August 1942 and finally ended in February 1943 when the last of the German forces surrendered. In total there were more than 50 people in the building, so common everyday rules and a commandant were required. Chekhov, with a gut wound, was literally forcibly transferred to a hospital on the right bank, but a few days later the sergeant reappeared at the regiment's positions and knocked off three more Germans by himself. [5], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}484256N 443158E / 48.7155N 44.5329E / 48.7155; 44.5329, introducing citations to additional sources, "The Gerhardt Mill: Ruins that Remember the Battle", ": 1911 .pdf", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerhardt%27s_Mill&oldid=1125778857, This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 20:14. The article took a U-turn from the others and was an excellent example of army agitprop. The attack was supported by intense Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. A reconnaissance and assault group of four soldiers, led by Sergeant Pavlov (it included Red Army men A.P. For a moment, I wished that the whole of Germany were there to see it. Brick survived through the whole war, and in 1945 was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. [138] He ignored the limited mobility of the army and the difficulties of disengaging the Soviets. Left Guard Sergeant Yakov Fedorovich Pavlov, right Guard Senior Lieutenant Ivan Filippovich Afanasyev. [3] The technical equipment used the most advanced technologies of its time: it had its own generator, which gave independence from the city power grid, its own boiler room (from which the brick pipe has survived), internal mechanical conveyors (from which there are still broken remnants).[4]. at Stalingrad Catherine Merridale notes that, seemingly paradoxically, "their response was frequently relief. In this first photo from the "killed" series, the fighter in the lower right corner is still "alive". [117], Recognising that German troops were ill-prepared for offensive operations during the winter of 1942 and that most of them were redeployed elsewhere on the southern sector of the Eastern Front, the Stavka decided to conduct a number of offensive operations between 19 November 1942 and 2 February 1943. [93] Women staffed a great many of the anti-aircraft batteries that fought not only the Luftwaffe but German tanks. One person, though, Roman Karmen, managed to record the first interrogation of Paulus that took place the same day, at Shumilov's 64th Army's HQ, and a few hours later at Rokossovsky's Don Front HQ. The battle for the German-Romanian airfield at Karpova lasted two days, with Romanian gunners destroying numerous Soviet tanks. Fighting within the ruined city was fierce and desperate. In correspondence with fellow soldiers, the battalion commander asserted that Pavlov had seized his "house" without a fight - the Germans in the building simply did not exist, as in the neighboring Zabolotny House. Some German holdouts continued to operate in the city and resist until early March 1943. Adolf Hitler was determined to hold the city at all costs and forbade the 6th Army from attempting a breakout; instead, attempts were made to supply it by air and to break the encirclement from the outside. A little north of the NKVD buildings was mill number 4, a strong four-story structure with secure basements. Luftflotte 4 flew 1,250 sorties on 14 October and its Stukas dropped 550 tonnes of bombs, while German infantry surrounded the three factories. At a meeting shortly after the Soviet encirclement, German army chiefs pushed for an immediate breakout to a new line on the west of the Don, but Hitler was at his Bavarian retreat of Obersalzberg in Berchtesgaden with the head of the Luftwaffe, Hermann Gring. The preparations for the attack could be heard by the Romanians, who continued to push for reinforcements, only to be refused again. After landing, the groups managed to establish supplies, and Rodimtsev had his own small fleet - about 30 rowing boats and vessels. '", By 18 December, the German Army had pushed to within 48km (30mi) of Sixth Army's positions. [3], The house was a four-story building in the center of Stalingrad, built perpendicular to the embankment of the river Volga and overseeing the "9th January Square", a large square named for Bloody Sunday. But as he passed, I caught a glimpse of the wretch's face with its mixture of suffering and idiot-like incomprehension. In the early parts of the operation, fuel was shipped at a higher priority than food and ammunition because of a belief that there would be a breakout from the city. The strongpoint remained German. These factors, taken together, prevented the Luftwaffe from effectively employing the full potential of its transport forces, ensuring that they were unable to deliver the quantity of supplies needed to sustain the 6th Army.[140]. The Germans set up a "mobile defence" of small units that were to hold towns until supporting armour arrived. But this city plan was in many ways provisional: for example, it did not indicate sturdy multi-storey high rises which played a decisive role in street fighting. The start of Case Blue had been planned for late May 1942. [80][81], The Red Army gradually adopted a strategy to hold for as long as possible all the ground in the city. The day October 1 almost became the last for the defenders of the small bridgehead. Seeing no point in continuing, he sent a radio message saying that his command had done its duty and fought to the last man. The Austrian divisional commander, General Erhard Raus, was summoned to Manstein's royal carriage in Kharkov station on 24 November, where the field marshal briefed him. Soon, the long-awaited reinforcements arrived. it turned out, but it was a difficult task to get into the house, since all approaches to it were tightly shot by the Germans) and entrenched in it. The wings of the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer Army met near Jablotchni along the Zaritza on 2 Sept.[67] By 1 September, the Soviets could only reinforce and supply their forces in Stalingrad by perilous crossings of the Volga under constant bombardment by artillery and aircraft. German large-caliber artillery swept the wooden quarters of workers' settlements, high-rise buildings and huge workshops, and the aviation of the 4th Luftwaffe Air Force heavily bombed the positions of the Soviet troops during the October battles, causing huge losses as several divisions were burned up in few days: the 138th, The 193rd and 308th Rifle Divisions, and the 37th Guards Rifle Division During that time the Rodimtsevs division held the quietest place on the line of defense of the 62nd Army, and soon writers and journalists were drawn there. "[158], On 26 January 1943, the German forces inside Stalingrad were split into two pockets north and south of Mamayev-Kurgan. Operation Thunderclap being the code word initiating the breakout. Photograph by D. Zimin and A. Skvorin. This house were not so far from Pavlov's house, in this house were command HQ under which command were troops defending Pavlov's house. When Strecker finally surrendered, he and his chief of staff, Helmuth Groscurth, drafted the final signal sent from Stalingrad, purposely omitting the customary exclamation to Hitler, replacing it with "Long live Germany! The building was labelled Festung ("Fortress") on German maps. In deciding to promote Paulus, Hitler noted that there was no record of a German or Prussian field marshal having ever surrendered. While a motorised breakout might have been possible in the first few weeks, the 6th Army now had insufficient fuel and the German soldiers would have faced great difficulty breaking through the Soviet lines on foot in harsh winter conditions. Some 35,000 were eventually sent on transports, of which 17,000 did not survive. He denied that he was the commander of the remaining northern pocket in Stalingrad and refused to issue an order in his name for them to surrender. [148], On 23 December, the attempt to relieve Stalingrad was abandoned and Manstein's forces switched over to the defensive to deal with new Soviet offensives. Finally they managed to get in touch with the artillerymen on the other side of the Volga - the area of the Krutoy ravine, along which the Germans collected reinforcements, was enveloped in dust from bursts of large-caliber projectiles. [202] The statue forms part of a war memorial complex which includes the ruins of the Grain Silo and Pavlov's House. Several attempts to re-establish a defensive line failed when German units outflanked them. The building was semi-surrounded for 58 days, and during those days it sustained numerous hits from air bombs and shells. On this day in the 13th Guards Rifle Division were awarded guards badges and distinguished fighters were rewarded , a divisional ensemble performed, in dugouts and basements of strong points meetings were held, on the beach the baths for fighters were organized and winter uniforms were issued. The mill provided a vital role in the Defense of Stalingrad. Unsuccessful, the surviving fighters of the assault group only managed to crawl back to their trenches at night. It needs to be added that the commander-in-chief Lieutenant-General V.I. On the left is Zabolotny House, on the right is Pavlov's House. [149] As Zhukov states, "The military and political leadership of Nazi Germany sought not to relieve them, but to get them to fight on for as long possible so as to tie up the Soviet forces. The Axis suffered 747,300868,374 combat casualties (killed, wounded or captured) among all branches of the German armed forces and their allies: 235,000 German and allied troops in total, from all units, including Manstein's ill-fated relief force, were captured during the battle. Artillery spotters were an especially prized target for snipers. Choppy overview of the battle with detail on a few specific figures. Both huge structures were heavily fortified and looked more like impregnable fortresses. In addition to the fighters, civilians in the basement of the house included old people, women and children. [101], After 27 September, much of the fighting in the city shifted north to the industrial district. The British historian Antony Beevor noted the "sinister" message from the Stalingrad Front's Political Department on 8 October 1942 that: "The defeatist mood is almost eliminated and the number of treasonous incidents is getting lower" as an example of the sort of coercion Red Army soldiers experienced under the Special Detachments (later to be renamed SMERSH). Continuing the offensive, the German infantry began to advance in two directions: to the north, where the headquarters of the 13th Guards Rifle Division was located, and to the south - to the mortar positions and the rear of the surrounded 39th and 42st Guards Rifle Regiments. The outcome of the airlift was the Luftwaffe's failure to provide its transport units with the tools they needed to maintain an adequate count of operational aircraft tools that included airfield facilities, supplies, manpower, and even aircraft suited to the prevailing conditions. Afanasyeva, a detachment of three Anti-tank rifles under sergeant Andrei Sobgaidly, and two crews of company mortars under the command of junior lieutenant Alexei Chernushenko. [108] The VVS remained qualitatively inferior, but by the time of the Soviet counter-offensive, the VVS had reached numerical superiority. The battle started with the South Western Front. [29] Stalin was expecting the main thrust of the German summer attacks to be directed against Moscow again. Soviet offensives in the central and northern portions of the Eastern Front tied down Luftwaffe reserves and newly built aircraft, reducing Luftflotte 4's percentage of Eastern Front aircraft from 60 percent on 28 June to 38 percent by 20 September. Stalingrad has been described as the greatest defeat in the history of the German Army. At this point, the Don and Volga Rivers are only 65km (40mi) apart, and the Germans left their main supply depots west of the Don, which had important implications later in the course of the battle. Rodimtsev's 13th Guards Rifle Division had been hurried up to cross the river and join the defenders inside the city. [citation needed] Fighting on and around Mamayev Kurgan, a prominent hill above the city, was particularly merciless; indeed, the position changed hands many times.[85][86].

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